Method of forming hollow pulp articles.



P ATENTED AUG. 23, 1904.

v v J. H. RIVERS. METHOD OF FORMING HOLLOW PULP ARTICLES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 6, 1904. F0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEBT 1.

' ww jzz-zzzle PATENTED AUG. 23, 1904.

J. H. RIVERS. METHOD OF FORMING HOLLOW PULP ARTICLES.

APPLIOATION FILED I'EB. 8, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

no 110mm,

other articles, where it is desired to have a botbered 192,375 and192,377.

To all whom, it may concern.-

so disposing and compacting the fibers that a .solid compact articlecomposed of layers or strata .of interwoven fibers is produced.

'UNITED STAT S JULIAN H. RIVERS, or's'r. LOUIS,

Patented August 23, 1904. PATENT OFFICE,

MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO UNITED STATES FIBER STOPPER COMPANY, or ST. LOUIS,MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF SOUTHDAKOTA. t

METHOD OF FORMING HOLLOW PULP ARTICLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 768,310, dated August23, 1904.

Application filed February 6, 1904-- Be it known that I,JULIAN H.RIvERs, a citizen of theUnited States, residing at the city ofSt.Louis,State of Missouri, have inventeda certain new and usefulImprovement in Methods of Forming Hollow Pulp Articles, of which thefollowing isa full, clear, and exact description, such as will enableothers skilled in the art tow'hich it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part-ofthis specification, in which Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partlyin section, of:my apparatus by means of which my improved method may bepracticed. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view. .Fig. 3 is a top planView, partly broken away. Fig. 4: is a detail view of a formed hollowarticle in its mold, and Fig. 5 is a detail view of an ai'ticleformed bymy said apparatus. V i I This invention relates to methods of forminghollow pulp articles, such as buckets or tom wall or flange integralwith the side walls. The objects of this invention are to utilize theaction of centrifugal force as a factor in determining the position ofthe fibers entering into the construction of the article, said force Ido not in this application claim the appa-. laws or the article, thesameformingthe subjects-matter of confianion application's filed by meofeven date herewith and serially num- In the accompanying drawings Ihave shown a form of apparatus by which my method may be practiced; butI do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to this particularapparatus, as the same could be changed without in the least departing.from the nature and principle of my present invention.

In the drawings, 1 is a driven shaft having pulleys 2 and 3 of differentdiameters mounted thereon, the larger of which, 2, is belted to a pulley4-. on a shaft 5, mounted in abracket 6,

Serial-No. 192,376. (No model.)

a shaft 8, mounted in a stationary bracket 9.

Bracket 6 carries a funnel 10, into which the pulp-Water is poured, saidpulp-water being delivered from said funnel onto a winged disk 11,-carried by the lower end of the rotating shaft 5. The pulp-water isthrown off by centrifugal force from this disk in the form of a spray.

12 is abracket-carrying a shell 13,around the lower inner edge of whichshell is arranged a conduit 1 f for delivering the waste to aconducting-off spout 15.

16 is a spider-frame on the upper end of shaft 8, which framecarriesbearings in horizontal alinement with the disk 11. In thesehearings are mounted molds 17, the bottoms and. side walls of which areperforated, the open side of the mold (in the form of an openendedcylinder) being presented toward the feeding device. The mold is carriedby a shaft mounted in a bearing in the spider-frame, and on the opposite(outer) end of this shaft is arranged a roller 18,which rides upon atrackring 19, carried by the casing 13. To insure roller 18 engaging thetrack-ring and causing its carried mold to rotate during the operationof the device, I arrange a companion roller 20 in thespider-frame foreach roller 18 and provide an upper track-ring 21 for engaging therollers 20, said upper track-ringbeing also supported by the casing 13.

In operation removable pieces'of gauze 22 are preferably introduced inthe molds to preserve a smooth outer surface on the finished article andto enable it to be easily removed from the mold. Pulp-water beingdelivered upon the rotatingdisk 11 will be thrown outwardly bycentrifugal force in the form of a spray. The frame 16 .causes the moldsto travel around the feeding device, during which the rollers 18 impartrotation to said molds, so as to bring the entire inner surface of themold in the path of the spray. Upon striking the face of the mold thefibers of the pulp are caught, and the water by centrifugal action isforced out. The fibers are separately deposited and impacted and arecapable of being influenced so far as their position in the mold isconcerned by. the forces acting upon them.

First, they are forcibly projected by the feeding device and lie invarious directions in transit; second, upon striking the side wall ofthe mold centrifugal action due to the rotatation of the frame 16 tendsto straighten the fibers and cause them to lie in a direction from theopen to the closed end of the mold, and, third, the rotation of the moldoccasioned by roller 18 sets up a force acting at an angle to the secondforce above mentioned, and the influence of this third force is to causethe fibers to lie in a circumferential direction. The resultant positionof the fibers is determined by the resultant value of these forces socom-- bined, which value can be changed or 'modilied to suit conditionsor efiects desired by changing the relative speeds, first, of the disk11; second, of the frame 16; third, of the mold 17. With relation to theaction of the above-mentioned forces on the fibers deposited upon thebottom of the mold the first (projectile) force tends to lay the fibersflat irrespective of direction. The second force is compactive, and thethird causes the fibers to providing a lining which. is practically.im-

pervious to moisture. This cement may be introduced with the fibers insmall quantities at first, and by gradually increasing the quantity ofcement and decreasing the quantity of fibers a blend will be efiectedwhich is very desirable, the final facing being pure cement, whichenables the surface to be finished by a die. Of course the finishingoperation would occur before the cement is set.

An important advantage obtained by the use of my improved method lies inthe fact that heretofore in the manufacture of this kind of articlesthey have been usually shaped in forming dies which have comparatively alimited scope of compressing action, so that a blank bucket asordinarily made has a density of between forty and fifty grains percubic 'inch, which is compacted in the-die to 'from eighty to onehundred grains per cubic inch by reducing the bulk approximatelyone-half.

By the use of my improvement the blank as originally made will have adensity of from eighty to one hundred grains per cubic inch, and then bythe use of the same dies, as above described, .the blank maybe given adensity of from one hundred and sixty to two hundred grains per cubicinch, a result impossimately coincident with the direction ble ofattainment by former methods without resorting to the use of amultiplicity of (lies and operations.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desiredto be secured by Letters Patent, is

1. The herein-described method of forming hollow pulp articles, the sameconsisting in spraying pulp water into a mold rotating about an axisapproximately coincident with the direction of movement of the spray;substantially as described.

2. The herein-described method of forming hollow pulp articles, the sameconsisting in spraying pulp-water into a mold traveling at an angle tothe direction of movement of the spray; substantially as described.

3. The herein-described method of forming hollow pulp articles, the sameconsisting in spraying pulp-water into a mold traveling at an angle tothe direction of movement of the spray and rotating about an axisapproxiof movement of the spray; substantially as described.

4. The herein-described method of forming hollow pulp articles having abottom wall or flange integral with the side wall, the same consistingin spraying the pulp-water into the mold so as to cause the fiberscomposing the bottom to lie in spiral lines; substantially as described.

5. The herein-described method of forming hollow pulp articles having abottom wall or flange integral with the side walls, the same consistingin spraying the pulp-water, and in so moving the mold as to cause thefibers composing the side walls to lie hclically disposed, and thefibers composing the bottom to be spirally disposed; substantially asdescribed.

6. The herein-described method of forming hollow pulp articles, the sameconsisting in subjecting the pulp-water to centrifugal force andprojecting the same in the form of a spray, moving the mold in aconcentric path around the point from which the spray emanates, and inrotating the mold in its travel; substantially as described.

7. The herein-described method of forming hollow pulp articles whichconsists in first spraying pulp-water into a mold and adding a liquidself-hardening cement; substantially as described.

8. The herein-described method of making pulp articles, the sameconsisting in spraying the pulp-water into a mold to form a facing, andthen adding liquid self-hardening cement in gradually increasingquantities; substantially as described.

9. The herein-described method of mak ng pulp articles, the sameconsisting in spraying the pulp-water into a mold to form a racing, thenadding liquid self-hardening cement in gradually-increasing quantities,and in reduc- IIO ing the quantity of pulp-water as the quantity ofliquid cementis increasing; substantially as described, v

10. The herein-described method of making pulp articles which consistsin first spraying pulp fibers into a mold, and then deposit.- ing afacing of self-hardening liquid cement thereon; substantially asdescribed.

11. The herein described method ofmakand simultaneously decreasing thequantity of pulp-water so as to blend the pulp fibers with the cement,and finally finishing the article by shutting off the pulp-water andspraying only the liquid cement; substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature, in the presence oftwo witnesses, this 6th day of J anuary, 1904.

, ,JULIAN H. RIVERS.

Witnesses: I

F. R. CORNWALL, GE RGE BAKEWELL.

